An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small contraceptive device placed inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. There are two types: hormonal and copper IUDs. Both types must be inserted by a trained doctor or nurse.
Hormonal IUD:
- Made of plastic and releases a progestogen hormone called levonorgestrel.
- Prevents pregnancy by thickening cervical mucus, hindering sperm movement, thinning the uterine lining, and sometimes preventing ovulation.
- Brands in Australia: Mirena and Kyleena (Kyleena has a lower dose of hormone).
- Effective for up to 5 years. May require additional contraception for the first 7 days after insertion.
Copper IUD:
- Made of copper and plastic, without hormones.
- Prevents pregnancy by disrupting sperm movement and changing the uterine lining.
- Brands in Australia last for 5 to 10 years.
- Can also be used as emergency contraception if inserted within 5 days of unprotected sex.
Effectiveness:
- IUDs are among the most effective contraception methods, with fewer than 1 in 100 users becoming pregnant.
Insertion Process:
- Performed by a trained doctor or nurse, similar to a cervical screening test.
- A speculum is used, and local anaesthetic can reduce discomfort.
- After insertion, avoid tampons, menstrual cups, sex, baths, and swimming for a couple of days.
- Check the IUD thread monthly to ensure it remains in place.
Side Effects:
- Initial cramps and bleeding for a few days.
- Hormonal IUD side effects may include ovarian cysts, headaches, mood changes, weight gain, breast tenderness, reduced sex drive, and acne.
Advantages:
- Highly effective and long-lasting.
- Cost-effective over time.
- Suitable for breastfeeding.
- Quick return to normal fertility after removal.
- Hormonal IUDs can reduce heavy periods and period pain.
Disadvantages:
- Requires professional insertion.
- Risks include insertion difficulties, pain, uterine damage, and infection.
- Possibility of the IUD moving or expelling itself.
- Hormonal IUDs may cause irregular bleeding or spotting.
- Copper IUDs may cause heavier and longer periods.
- No protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Removal Process:
- Simple procedure where the doctor or nurse gently pulls on the IUD string.
- Some discomfort may be felt.
- A new IUD can be inserted during the same visit if desired.
Is an IUD Right for You?
Deciding if an IUD is the right contraceptive method for you involves a discussion with your healthcare provider. They can help evaluate your medical history, lifestyle, and reproductive goals to determine the best fit.
IUDs offer a high level of effectiveness, convenience, and long-lasting protection, making them a popular choice for those seeking reliable birth control. If you’re looking for a set-it-and-forget-it option, an IUD might be the ideal solution.
If you’d like to find out if Implanon is right for you, book an appointment here!
Capstone Medical Centre has female Doctor (Dr. Shumaila) every Tuesday and Thursday.
